Synchronization is often observed in the swimming of flagellated cells, either for multiple appendages on the same organism or between the flagella of nearby cells. Beating cilia are also seen to synchronize their dynamics. In 1951, Taylor showed that the observed in-phase beating of the flagella of coswimming spermatozoa was consistent with minimization of the energy dissipated in the surrounding fluid. Here we revisit Taylor's hypothesis for three models of flagella and cilia (1) Taylor's waving sheets with both longitudinal and transverse modes, as relevant for flexible flagella, (2) spheres orbiting above a no-slip surface to model interacting flexible cilia, and (3) whirling rods above a no-slip surface to address the interaction of nodal cilia. By calculating the flow fields explicitly, we show that the rate of working of the model flagella or cilia is minimized in our three models for (1) a phase difference depending on the separation of the sheets and precise waving kinematics, (2) in-phase or opposite-phase motion depending on the relative position and orientation of the spheres, and (3) in-phase whirling of the rods. These results will be useful in future models probing the dynamics of synchronization in these setups.The pore-size distributions play a critical role in the determination of the properties of nanoporous cellular materials like aerogels. In this paper, we propose a micromechanical model, and by further designing artificial normal pore-size distributions, we inspect their effect on the macroscopic stress-strain curves. We show that the location of the mean pore size as well as the broadness of the distribution strongly affects the overall macroscopic behavior. Moreover, we also show that by using different damage criteria within the proposed model, the elastic, inelastic, and brittle nature of the macroscopic material can be captured. The damage criteria are based on the different modes of deformation in the pore walls, namely, elastic buckling, irreversible bending and brittle collapse under compression, and combined bending and stretching under tension. The proposed model approach serves as a reverse engineering tool to develop cellular solids with desired mechanical properties.We study a three-dimensional articulated rigid-body biped model that possesses zero cost of transport walking gaits. Energy losses are avoided due to the complete elimination of the foot-ground collisions by the concerted oscillatory motion of the model's parts. The model consists of two parts connected via a universal joint. It does not rely on any geometry-altering mechanisms, massless parts, or springs. Despite the model's simplicity, its collisionless gaits feature walking with finite speed, foot clearance, and ground friction. The collisionless spectrum can be studied analytically in the small movement limit, revealing infinitely many periodic modes. The modes differ in the number of sagittal and coronal plane oscillations at different stages of the walking cycle. We focus on the mode with the minimal number of such oscillations, presenting its complete analytical solution. We then numerically evolve it toward a general nonsmall movement solution. A general collisionless mode can be tuned by adjusting a single model parameter. Some of the presented results display a surprising degree of generality and universality.Coinfection is the process by which a host that is infected with a pathogen becomes infected by a second pathogen at a later point in time. An immunosuppressant host response to a primary disease can facilitate spreading of a subsequent emergent pathogen among the population. Social contact patterns within the substrate populace can be modeled using complex networks and it has been shown that contact patterns vastly influence the emergent disease dynamics. In this paper, we consider the effect of contact clustering on the coinfection dynamics of two pathogens spreading over a network. We use the generating function formulation to describe the expected outbreak sizes of each pathogen and numerically study the threshold criteria that permit the coexistence of each strain among the network. We find that the effects of clustering on the levels of coinfection are governed by the details of the contact topology.The planted p-spin interaction model is a paradigm of random-graph systems possessing both a ferromagnetic phase and a disordered phase with the latter splitting into many spin-glass states at low temperatures. Conventional simulated annealing dynamics is easily blocked by these low-energy spin-glass states. Here we demonstrate that actually this planted system is exponentially dominated by a microcanonical polarized phase at intermediate energy densities. There is a discontinuous microcanonical spontaneous symmetry breaking transition from the paramagnetic phase to the microcanonical polarized phase. This transition can serve as a mechanism to avoid all the spin-glass traps, and it is accelerated by the restart strategy of microcanonical random walk. We also propose an unsupervised learning problem on microcanonically sampled configurations for inferring the planted ground state.Diffusive dynamics in presence of deep energy minima and weak nongradient forces can be coarse grained into a mesoscopic jump process over the various basins of attraction. Combining standard weak-noise results with a path integral expansion around equilibrium, we show that the emerging transition rates satisfy local detailed balance (LDB). Namely, the log ratio of the transition rates between nearby basins of attractions equals the free-energy variation appearing at equilibrium, supplemented by the work done by the nonconservative forces along the typical transition path. When the mesoscopic dynamics possesses a large-size deterministic limit, it can be further reduced to a jump process over macroscopic states satisfying LDB. The persistence of LDB under coarse graining of weakly nonequilibrium states is a generic consequence of the fact that only dissipative effects matter close to equilibrium.Alternans of cardiac action potential duration represent critical precursors for the development of life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pkc-theta-inhibitor.html The system's thermal state affects these electrical disorders requiring additional theoretical and experimental efforts to improve a patient-specific clinical understanding. In such a scenario, we generalize a recent work from Loppini et al. [Phys. Rev. E 100, 020201(R) (2019)PREHBM2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.100.020201] by performing an extended spatiotemporal correlation study. We consider high-resolution optical mapping recordings of canine ventricular wedges' electrical activity at different temperatures and pacing frequencies. We aim to recommend the extracted characteristic length as a potential predictive index of cardiac alternans onset and evolution within a wide range of system states. In particular, we show that a reduction of temperature results in a drop of the characteristic length, confirming the impact of thermal instabilities on cardiac dynamics.